The FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) has approved Synribo ( Omacetaxine mepesuccinate ) to treat adults with chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ), a blood and bone marrow disease.

An estimated 5,430 people will be diagnosed with CML in 2012, according to the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ). Synribo is intended to be used in patients whose cancer progressed after treatment with at least two drugs from a class called tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs ), also used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate blocks certain proteins that promote the development of cancerous cells. It is injected subcutaneously twice daily for 14 consecutive days over a 28-day cycle until white blood cell counts normalize ( hematologic response ). Synribo is then administered twice daily for 7 consecutive days over a 28-day cycle as long as patients continue to clinically benefit from therapy.

On Sept. 4, 2012, the FDA approved Bosulif ( Bosutinib ) to treat patients with chronic, accelerated or blast phase Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia who are resistant to or who cannot tolerate other therapies.

Synribo was approved under the FDA’s accelerated approval program, which allows the agency to approve a drug to treat a serious disease based on clinical data showing that the drug has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit to patients.
Synribo also received orphan-product designation by the FDA because it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition.

The effectiveness of Synribo was evaluated using a combined cohort of patients whose cancer progressed after previous treatment with two or more TKIs. All participants were treated with Synribo.

The drug’s effectiveness in chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia was demonstrated by a reduction in the percentage of cells expressing the Philadelphia chromosome genetic mutation found in most chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Fourteen out of 76 patients ( 18.4% ) achieved a reduction in an average time of 3.5 months. The median length of the reduction was 12.5 months.

In accelerated phase CML, Synribo’s effectiveness was determined by the number of patients who experienced a normalization of white blood cell counts or had no evidence of leukemia ( major hematologic response, or MaHR ). Results showed five out of 35 patients ( 14.3% ) achieved MaHR in an average time of 2.3 months. The median duration of MaHR in these patients was 4.7 months.

The most common side effects reported during clinical studies include: thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia which may lead to infection and fever ( febrile neutropenia ), diarrhea, nausea, weakness and fatigue, injection site reaction, and lymphopenia.

Source: FDA, 2012

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