The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has approved Adempas ( Riociguat ) to treat adults with two forms of pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension is caused by abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. It makes the right side of the heart work harder than normal. In its various forms, pulmonary hypertension is a chronic, progressive, debilitating disease, often leading to death or need for lung transplantation.

Adempas belongs to a class of drugs called soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators that help arteries relax to increase blood flow and decrease blood pressure. It is intended for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension ( CTEPH ) after surgery or patients who cannot undergo surgery, to improve their ability to exercise.
Adempas is also indicated for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) of unknown causes, inherited or associated with connective tissue diseases, to improve their ability to exercise and to delay clinical worsening of their condition.

The FDA reviewed Adempas under its priority review program, which provides for an expedited six-month review of drugs that may offer major advances in treatment.

The safety and effectiveness of Adempas to treat CTEPH were established in a clinical trial with 261 participants randomized to take Adempas, with the dose gradually increased up to 2.5 mg three times daily, or to receive a placebo three times daily.
The study was designed to measure the change in the distance a patient could walk in six minutes ( 6-minute walk distance ). After 16 weeks of treatment, the average improvement in a 6-minute walk distance in participants treated with Adempas was 46 meters ( about 150 feet ) more than in those treated with placebo.

The clinical trial evaluating the safety and effectiveness of Adempas to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension included 443 participants randomly assigned to take Adempas 1.5 mg or 2.5 mg, or placebo, three times daily. After 12 weeks of treatment, the 6-minute walk distance in patients treated with Adempas improved by an average of 36 meters ( about 118 feet ) more than in patients treated with placebo.

Adempas carries a Boxed Warning alerting patients and health care professionals that the drug should not be used in pregnant women because it can harm the developing fetus. Female patients can receive the drug only through the Adempas REMS program. All female patients must be enrolled in the program, comply with pregnancy testing requirements and be counseled regarding the need for contraception. The REMS restricted distribution program requires prescribers to be certified by enrolling in the program. Also, pharmacies must be certified and can dispense Adempas only to patients who are eligible to receive it under the REMS.

Common side effects observed in patients treated with Adempas included headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, peripheral edema, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. ( Xagena )

Source: FDA, 2013

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