The cancer gene MYC is among the most commonly overexpressed oncogenes in human cancers.
Most human cancers demonstrate high levels of MYC or its biological partners, including those of the breast, ovaries, lung, prostate, and skin, as well as leukemias and lymphomas.

MYC is a regulator of other genes--a transcription factor--and researchers have been working for more than two decades to identify its target genes in order to understand how MYC causes so many cancers.

Researchers at The Wistar Institute have shown that MYC activates a gene called MTA1, which has been demonstrated by other researchers to regulate metastasis in a variety of cancers.
While researchers have been exploring the possibility of blocking MTA1 to prevent metastasis, it was not previously known how MTA1 becomes activated in the first place.
The study adds to the emerging picture of MYC's role in cancer development and progression and identifies the pathway linking MYC and MTA1 as an area for further exploration into the genetics of metastasis.

" We and others have been working to understand what genes MYC turns on to cause malignant transformation," says Steven B. McMahon, senior author of the study. " Understanding metastasis is critical because patients rarely die of primary tumors--metastasis usually causes cancer deaths. Now, we have linked the well-known oncogene MYC to this target gene, MTA1, a key regulator of metastasis. Most importantly, if we block MYC's ability to turn on MTA1, we block tumor formation. This is critical because it identifies a point in the metastasis pathway that can be targeted therapeutically."

Among the pressing issues still to be resolved is understanding precisely why MYC's activation of MTA1 leads to metastasis. In spite of the work still to be done, the first generation of drugs that inhibit MTA1 and its partners is already being developed, and McMahon's study may inform this work. McMahon's laboratory at Wistar continues to study other target genes of MYC in order to elucidate more fully how this oncogene acts in such a wide range of cancers.

Source: The Wistar Institute, 2005


XagenaMedicine2005