A research by investigators at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and colleagues demonstrated that smoking may increase the risk of developing diabetes.

The surprising finding emerged when researchers examined the relationship between smoking and diabetes among participants in a major national study, the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study ( IRAS ).
They compared the incidence of diabetes after five years among smokers and those who had never smoked.

Twenty-five percent of the participants who smoked and did not have diabetes when the study began had developed diabetes by the five-year follow-up, compared to 14 percent of the participants who had never smoked, according to Capri G. Foy, and her colleagues at the national IRAS coordinating center at the School of Medicine, part of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center.

The researchers found that when the analyses were adjusted to account for other diabetes risk factors, " smokers still exhibited significantly increased incidence of diabetes compared to people who had never smoked," Foy said. " These findings suggest another poor health outcome associated with cigarettes, supporting current surgeon general's warnings against cigarette smoking."

Smoking has long been associated with heart disease, as is diabetes, and Foy noted that diabetes and heart disease share many risk factors.

IRAS focused on a prediabetic condition called insulin resistance, in which increasing amounts of insulin are needed to digest the same amount of glucose, the principal product of the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Other Wake Forest IRAS investigators had reported in 1996 that insulin resistance is associated with substantially increased atherosclerosis, which involves the buildup of fatty substances, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of the arteries.
The study found that increased thickness of the walls of the carotid artery in the neck suggested that insulin resistance might be an independent risk factor for heart disease.

Source: Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, 2005


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