A gene involved in B-cell development might play a role in multiple sclerosis.

The results of a large study published in the journal BMC Neurology have revealed that multiple sclerosis ( MS ) patients are more likely to carry two specific genetic variations in the EBF-1 ( early B-cell factor ) gene, than healthy individuals.
These variations – or polymorphisms - could play a causative role in multiple sclerosis or be located near other polymorphisms that do play a causative role in the disorder. As such, they could be used as genetic markers for multiple sclerosis.

Alfonso Martinez and colleagues from the Hospital Clinico San Carlos, in Madrid, Spain, who carried out the research, suggest that EBF-1 might be involved in multiple sclerosis due to its role in axonal damage.

"Axonal damage is a hallmark for multiple sclerosis," write the authors, and EBF is involved in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding. How axonal damage occurs in multiple sclerosis, however, is not well understood.

In their study, Martinez et al. compared the occurrence of a polymorphism at a single point in the DNA sequence of the gene EBF-1 – also called a single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) - in 356 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and 540 healthy individuals acting as controls. Both groups consisted of white Spanish individuals. The authors also compared the variants of a microsatellite – a highly variable, short stretch of non-coding DNA within the EBF-1 gene - in the two groups.

Their results show that patients with multiple sclerosis are more likely to carry the base adenine in the SNP analysed, than controls ( p=0.02 ).

In addition, one specific version ( allele ) of the microsatellite was more frequently found in multiple sclerosis patients than in controls ( p=0.08 ).
The authors confirmed this finding with a Transmission Disequilibrium Test: a study of the transmission rate of the allele in 53 patients and their parents, which showed that the allele was more likely to be present in both patients and their parents than other alleles.

Source: BMC Neurology, 2005


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